\(a)2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ b)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+b=0,25\\27a+56b=8,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ a=\dfrac{19}{470};b=\dfrac{121}{940}\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{470}\cdot27}{8,3}\cdot100=13,15\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=100-13,15=86,85\%\\ c)n_{HCl}=3\cdot\dfrac{19}{470}+2\cdot\dfrac{121}{940}=\dfrac{89}{235}mol\\ m_{ddHCl=}=\dfrac{\dfrac{89}{235}\cdot36,5}{7,3}\cdot100=189g\\ d)n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=\dfrac{19}{470}mol\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{121}{940}mol\)

\(m_{dd}=8,3+189-0,25.2=196,8g\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{470}\cdot133,8}{196,8}\cdot100=2,8\%\\ C_{\%FeCl_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{121}{940}127}{196,8}\cdot100=8,3\%\)

a) Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)

=> 27a + 65b = 11,9 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

             a----->1,5a----------------->1,5a

            Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂

             b------>b------------------>b

=> 1,5a + b = 0,4 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11,9}.100\%=45,378\%\\\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{11,9}.100\%=54,622\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) n_H2SO4 = 1,5a + b = 0,4 (mol)

=> m_H2SO4 = 0,4.98 = 39,2 (g)

=> \(C\%_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{150}.100\%=26,133\%\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

0,2-->0,4----->0,2------->0,2

a

\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

b

\(CM_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)

c

\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)

0,2------>0,4

\(V_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)

\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)

\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)

\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)

a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b 

=> 27a + 56b = 13,9

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)

=> 1,5a + b = 0,35

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) n_HCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)

=> m_HCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)

=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đáp án B

Lấy 1 mol Fe và x mol Mg

a, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45.0,2=0,09\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: FeO + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂O

Mol:       a          a

PTHH: MgO + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂O

Mol:       b              b

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}72a+40b=4,48\\a+b=0,09\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,0275\\b=0,0625\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{FeO}=\dfrac{0,0275.72.100\%}{4,48}=44,196\%\)

\(\%m_{MgO}=100-44,196=55,804\%\)

b, 

PTHH: FeO + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂O

Mol:   0,0275                   0,0275

PTHH: MgO + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂O

Mol:    0,0625                     0,0625

\(C_{M_{ddFeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,0275}{0,2}=0,1375M\)

\(C_{M_{ddMgSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,0625}{0,2}=0,3125M\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

BTNT, có: \(n_{SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Mà: m _muối = m_KL + m_SO4

⇒ m = m_KL = 93,6 - 0,6.96 = 36 (g)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{Mg}=2x+2y\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}+n_{Mg}=x+y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=36,5.\left(2x+2y\right)=73\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{73\left(x+y\right)}{20\%}=365\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = m_Fe + m_Mg + m _{dd HCl} - m_H2 = 56x + 24y + 365.(x+y) - 2.(x+y) = 419x + 387y (g)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=11,87\%\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{95y}{419x+387y}=0,1187\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=0,9865\Rightarrow x=0,9865y\)

Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127x}{419x+387y}.100\%=\dfrac{127.0,9865y}{419.0,9865y+387y}.100\%\approx15,65\%\) 

Bài 1: 

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2:

PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H₂SO₄ còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)